Proof: what does this mean? Where does this word come from, its meaning. What do they want from you when they ask for proof?

Nadezhda Zakharova 01/24/2018

Proof of Stake is a working principle that can make cryptocurrency transactions cheap, fast and even environmentally friendly.

Recently, more and more crypto enthusiasts are starting to support it.

But along with unprecedented prospects, it carries significant threats.

What is boron cheese?

The world of cryptocurrencies, like any other payment system, has its own infrastructure, methods of protecting and verifying transactions.

For example, during a transaction on the Bitcoin network, the cryptocurrency does not immediately arrive in the addressee’s wallet. First of all, it must be written down in the circuit block.

Blocks are created constantly and contain information about many transactions.

Until the block generation is completed, which is called “block not closed,” the transfer will not be confirmed.

This is why miners are needed to mine blocks.

Miners are not a charitable organization and do their work for a fee. Miner fees vary depending on the specific type of cryptocurrency and the priority of the transaction. The higher the priority, the more they will charge.

All on the same Bitcoin network, in order to mine a block, the miner must have large computing power.

After all, only the first miner who closes the block and, accordingly, confirms the transactions, receives the commission and reward.

This algorithm is called Proof of Work (PoW) - confirmation of work performed.

PoW also protects the entire chain from DDoS attacks and spam mailings. It requires enormous computing power. Moreover, miners compete with each other, which aggravates the situation and makes transactions more expensive for the end consumer.

What does Proof of Stake have to do with it?

Increasingly, the idea of moving away from Proof of Work and moving to Proof of Stake is being heard in the crypto world.

According to this principle, the miner does not need to spend huge amounts of power to be the first to mine a block and receive a reward.

Here, the system automatically selects the creator based on the share of his balance in the total quantity of a particular coin.

The larger the balance, the higher the likelihood that it will generate a block.

Each holder of cryptocoins will receive interest for storage (like a deposit in a bank, only the accruals will depend on the number of transactions performed).

Proponents of Poof of Stake argue that if unscrupulous crypto investors want to attack the entire network, they will have to accumulate a significant portion of the cryptocurrency in their balance sheet, making the attack itself financially impractical.

Moreover, since the attacker himself has accumulated a lot of coins, he himself will suffer from his own attack, because it will shake the entire cryptocurrency ecosystem.

Proof from D12

Proof was born on October 2, 1973 in Detroit. He achieved real popularity as a member of the rap group 'D12', although he was quite famous before. In 2000, Proof took part in the 'Up In Smoke Tour' with Eminem, Dr. Dre and Snoop Dogg. In 2001, D12's debut album, Devil's Night, was released, recorded at Interscope Records. The album sold out in excellent numbers throughout the country, the names of the participants began to appear in the press, they were invited to TV, and the tracks were played on the radio. The following year, Proof toured again with Eminem, and in 2003 he took part in the filming of the drama 8 Mile, which won the 2003 Oscars in the Best Original Song category. Proof played the black rapper Lil'Tic, with whom Eminem's hero Rabbit competes at the beginning of the film.

Proof photography

In August 2005, Proof released his solo album 'Searching for Jerry Garcia', which he recorded while collaborating with other famous rappers, including 50 Cent, Method Man, Nate Dogg and others.
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On April 11, 2006, Proof was shot in the head at Detroit's CCC Club by club security officer Mario Etheridge after Proof fatally shot ex-soldier Keith Bender. During a game of billiards, an argument arose, followed by a fight. Bouncer Etheridge, who was also Keith Bender's cousin, fired into the air, wanting to attract attention and stop the fight. Proof fired back and hit Bender in the head. Etheridge opened fire and wounded the rapper three times in the head and one in the chest. Proof died on the spot, and Keith Bender died a week later. An autopsy showed that the rapper had alcohol in his blood, but no drugs. Keith Bender's family filed a lawsuit, hoping to recover damages from Keith's death by suing for a portion of Proof's estate. After a trial, Mario Etheridge was found guilty of carrying a weapon without a permit and bringing it into a building, but because he shot to save another person, he was fined $2,000 and released in October 2006 .

Proof photography

A few months later, the hip-hop magazine 'XXL' published an alternative version of the incident, which was told to journalists by the deceased rapper's friend Mudd (Reginald Moorer), who accompanied Proof that evening and, as he claimed, saw everything with his own eyes. He stated that it was he who owned the Magnum from which Proof shot Bender. Mudd said they went to the CCC Club, a seedy club in a bad area, after visiting a strip club. They both drank. Proof was playing pool with Bender and an argument broke out, which, as Mudd noted, was common for Proof to get drunk and start a fight. Bender then hit Proof and a fight began. Mario Etheridge fired into the air to disperse the fighters. Proof demanded Mudd's gun and, when he refused to give it up, took the weapon himself and also fired into the air. Mudd claims that Proof was not responsible for Bender's death and that it was bullets from Etheridge's gun that hit both men.

The third version says that Proof’s murder was ordered, and the fight was specially provoked, and Bender died due to the negligence of his cousin, with whom he was in cahoots.

Proof photography

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Is everything really that good?

There are also skeptics of the Proof of Stake concept. One of their arguments is the threat of decentralization of cryptocurrency.

After all, the PoS principle can encourage investors to concentrate more and more cryptocurrency in one hand.

If this happens, the monopolist will be able to dictate its own terms to all participants in the network.

The initial distribution of the cryptocurrency is also questionable. Most of the coins that do not work according to the Proof of Work principle are distributed in two ways - through an ICO or an auction. In this case, the entire cryptocurrency initially belongs to only one party, which complicates decentralization and creates many temptations for the monopolist.

Developers of cryptocurrency operating on the PoS principle have found a compromise solution to this problem.

PoW is used to create cryptocurrency. Its value is determined by production costs.

After creation, the network switches to the Proof of Stake operating principle.

Another problem is Nothing at Stake.

Its meaning is that an unscrupulous crypto investor can fork the blockchain.

At the same time, he will spend resources that essentially do not exist, which threatens the entire chain.

Big Proof: "The Mayor of Detroit Hip-Hop."

On April 11, 2006, exactly 10 years ago, Proof died in a shootout. This happened at night at the CCC Club, which was located on the 8 Mile Highway. Inside the building, an argument broke out between Proof and Keith Bender, which escalated into physical assault. Mario Etheridge (the other's cousin) fired a warning shot to calm them both down. Proof then pulled out a gun and shot Keith. In order to protect his brother, Mario Etheridge shot the offender 4 times: 2 in the head and 2 in the chest. The rapper died on the spot, and the killer's brother, Keith Bender, died a week later in the hospital. Mario Etheridge was not charged with murder because there was video footage of the incident that showed he used the weapon in self-defense and that of his brother. But still, he was found guilty of illegal possession of weapons and their use inside the building.

An autopsy showed that Proof was fairly drunk, but there were no drugs in his blood. His lawyer, David Gorosh, accused the police and media of being reckless for portraying his client as the culprit of the entire situation. But the video showed the opposite. Proof was 32 years old at the time of his death.

For most, he is remembered as Eminem's best friend and member of the group D12. However, his achievements are much broader, and his biography is more interesting.

Proof (real name Deshawn Dupree Holton) was born on October 2, 1973 in Detroit. He was raised only by his mother Sharallene. Proof's father McKinley Jackson was a music producer. He left his family to pursue his career. The future rapper lived throughout his childhood in an area that everyone knows as “8 Mile.”

As a teenager, Proof became very interested in rap and discovered a talent for spontaneous rhyming, which he began to entertain his school friends. He takes the pseudonym Maximum and begins to storm school freestyle battles, in which he had no equal. This introduced Deshawn to many more serious Detroit rappers who recognized his talent. At the same time, a white guy, Marshall Mathers, moves to 8 Mile and enrolls in the same school where Proof attended. The young MC (whom we all know under the pseudonym Eminem) begins to gain authority among his peers with his ability to freestyle, thanks to which he comes to the attention of the school “king of freestyle.” In the dining room, Em and Proof even had a battle between each other, but history is silent about who won. The main thing is that after it both came out as friends.

In the early 90s, guys had fun recording tracks like this:

After a while, Proof became cramped within the format of school battles and he begins his journey to clubs. Competing among experienced players, Proof continued to win titles and quickly joined the Hip-Hop Shop crowd. There, he met Eminem’s future manager and co-founder of the Shady Records label, Paul Rosenberg.

Having earned sufficient authority by winning battles, Proof became the host and organizer of his own rap parties, with which he helped young Detroit talents express themselves. It was probably already the peak. During this time, he also took part in recordings for numerous Detroit bands, such as Soul Intent, Bassmint Productions (both of which also included Eminem), 5 Elementz, Poe Whosaine, and also assisted members of the band Slum Village. Little known fact: Proof and J Dilla formed the duo Funky Cowboys in the mid-90s. Together they recorded several tracks.

Group 5 Elementz (Proof, Thyme and Mudd). Mid 90's.

Underground hit from 5 Elementz - "Searchin'". Beat by J Dilla:

The main idea of the “fix” was to create an association of the best MCs in Detroit, which the rapper Bugz pushed him to do. With him, the concept was invented: 6 bright MCs, and each has an evil alter ego. This is how the name Dirty Dozen (Russian: Dirty Dozen) was coined. The group included: Proof, Bugz, Eminem, Eye-Kyu, Bizarre and Killa Hawk. The latter left the group before the first recordings, and Eye-Kyu left after participating in some works (he participated in three tracks on Eminem's first album, “Infinite,” and the first release from D12, “The Underground EP”). They were replaced by Kuniva and beatmaker Kon Artis (now known as Mr. Porter). “The Underground EP” was recorded with this lineup.

One of the first performances of D12. 1998:

First composition of D12.

Proof, Bugz, Mr. Porter and Eminem. Around 1998-1999.

In 1999, Proof won a freestyle battle organized by The Source magazine. As a reward, an entire article was written about him, in which he was dubbed “one of the brightest rappers of the new generation.” In the same year, a tragic event occurs: Bugz dies from four bullets from an unknown person. This event shocked all the participants, and the group itself was again short. Joining the Dirty Dozen is Swift, who was previously a member of the group Da Rabeez. Even before his death, Bugz advised the participants to take him to the team. At the same time, Eminem begins a tour in support of his major debut “The Slim Shady LP” and he has to leave the group for a while. Each participant does his own thing.

Freestyle 1999:

In the second half of his tour, Eminem turned to Proof with a request to become his backing MC, since the previous one (who, by the way, was Royce Da 5'9) refused this in favor of his solo career. Proof accepts his friend's offer and signs a contract to participate in the tour. During it, he suggests to Emu and Dr. Dre signs D12 to his new Shady Records label. The deal was concluded, and in June 2001, the group released their first album, “Devil's Night,” which immediately started at number one on the charts. Proof is growing its own influence in hip-hop and, instead of resting on its laurels, continues to help Detroit talent. In 2002, he teamed up with his longtime friend, rapper Dogmatic, to record the album "Promatic", which went unnoticed by the mass listener, but became one of the standard releases for the Detroit underground. His solo EP “Electric Cool-Aid: Acid Testing” is also coming out, which was also released without any promotion.

One of the first performances with Eminem as part of the 1999 tour:

Song from the album “Promatic”:

In 2002, Proof became the prototype for the hero of the film 8 Mile, Future, played by actor Mekhi Phifer. The rapper himself also appeared in the film, in the role of battle MC Lil' Tic, who at the very beginning “destroys” the Rabbit (played by Eminem). In addition to “8 Mile,” Proof and his classmates (except Em) appeared in the film “The Longest Yard,” in which they played a basketball team, among prisoners.

In 2004, D12’s second album, “D12 World,” was released, which became even more successful. Proof participated in all D12 concerts, plus took part in Eminem's Anger Management tour. That same year, his first solo album, “I Miss the Hip Hop Shop,” was released, which featured unknown Detroit rappers and featured production on two tracks by J Dilla and DJ Premier. The release was released by Proof's own label Iron Fist Records and was an underground release, as a warm-up for the rapper's big album. It features the song "Ja In A Bra", which is a diss track of rapper Ja Rule.

In all this fuss, he began to prepare a serious release, which he did not want to release through the Shady Records or Aftermath labels. The reason for this was that at that time Proof had assembled his own team, from his old friends, with whom he wanted to build his own empire. The album “Searching for Jerry Garcia” was released in August 2005 on the same Iron Fist Records. The recording featured real mastodons: 50 Cent, B-Real, Method Man, MC Breed, Obie Trice, Nate Dogg, T3 (Slum Village) and all members of D12. Also featured on the release were the little-known King Gordy, J-Hill, Mudd and others.

Album cover for "Searching for Jerry Garcia".

Proof named the album after the lead singer of the rock band Grateful Dead, Jerry Garcia. The release was released 10 years after his death. According to Proof, Garcia was a genius who suffered from his own bad character. The album received positive reviews from critics, but despite Proof's fame and the participation of rap stars, sales were quite modest. There was almost no promotion, and only one video was released, for the song "Gurls wit' da Boom". Some songs have already been featured on various mixtapes and EPs, and they were slightly reworked for the album. The rapper later stated, “I made the album so people would recognize me as a solo artist in my own right. I did it and stayed true to the spirit of hip-hop. All this is for the sake of love and recognition, and not for the sake of money and charts.”

Proof continued to take part in projects for other teams such as Twiztid. With this rap duo from Detroit, he recorded the track "How I Live" for their album Independents Day. The latest collaboration is a song with Australian rapper Liquidsilva in 2006. That same year, Proof began preparing the mixtape “Hand2Hand: The Official Mixtape Instruction Manual”, but did not have time to release it himself. He was released posthumously.

On April 11, 2006, his life was tragically cut short. Now it doesn’t matter who was responsible for this incident. Because of it, two people died, one of whom was a Detroit legend. In 2006, this city lost two of its main guides to the world of hip-hop: J Dilla and Proof. Dilla was also a frequent guest at parties organized by Proof, where he showed himself as an MC.

Seven months after the tragedy, Reginald "Mudd" Moore (Proof's close friend and member of the group 5 Elementz) gave an interview to XXL magazine, in which he put forward a different version of what happened. Mudd was present at the club that night and told what he saw: “I arrived at the CCC Club at 3:30 in the morning. The place is really not the best. Even though Proof was a star, he still often hung out in such creepy places. Then a fight began between Proof and Keith. They disagreed on something while playing billiards. Mario Etheridge pulled out a pistol and fired 2 shots into the air to calm them down. However, he only created panic. Proof pushed him to the side, took out a pistol and fired threateningly into the air. Keith came up from behind and attacked Deshaun, trying to take the weapon away from him. Mario was very drunk. He wanted to support his brother and started shooting in their direction and hit both of them. As a result, Proof died immediately, and Keith was taken to the hospital, where he eventually died. I don’t understand what kind of videos everyone is talking about.” Be that as it may, this does not change the situation.

Report from the Russian NTV channel about the death of Proof. There was a bit of confusion there: Obie Trice was actually shot, but survived. And he was never a member of the Dirty Dozen:

Proof was the ideological inspiration for Eminem, the group D12, a large number of Detroit rappers (for most of them, participation in his projects remained the highest points in their careers) and for the entire Shady Records label. It was with his death that Em’s temporary departure from music, the decline in the label’s popularity and strife in the D12 group, which had already collapsed several times, were associated. After all, he was its rightful leader of the group. In particular, thanks to him, Royce Da 5'9 made peace with Em and D12, with whom he had a serious quarrel in the early 2000s. The team lost its connecting link, which took years to restore, but everything had to be changed. The same group D12 never shot again because Eminem abandoned it and the members could not find a common language.

Proof is survived by a large family: father McKinley, wife Sharonda, sons DeShaun Rice and Elijha Abel, daughters Katieva Walker, Nassan and Nyeem. His mother Sharonda died on September 25, 2015. She was 64 years old.

Ironically, in 2005, Proof starred in Eminem's "Like Toy Soldiers" video, in which he played a friend who dies from a gunshot wound. The role turned out to be prophetic.